Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is seen as a plentiful and low cost feedstock for alternative transportation fuels us doe, 2011. Americans are not free to choose transportation fuels other than those based on. The realization of dwindling fossil fuel supplies and their adverse environmental impacts has accelerated research and development activities in the domain of renewable energy sources and technologies. Workforce needs and opportunities 2 goals explore workforce impacts related to the growth in alternative fuel usage and supporting address changes to the skills and knowledge base of future workers to meet demands of an alternatively fueled transportation system. Government and privatesector vehicle fleets are the primary users for most of these fuels and vehicles, but individual consumers are increasingly interested. However, there are multiple alternative fuels that are making their.
All of the fuels on the approved alternative fuels list are acceptable. Review of transportation costs for alternative fuels. Alternative fuels in transportation denis kouroussis. Heavy duty diesel exhaust emission control technology. Trbs airport cooperative research program acrp synthesis 85. Vehicles that use alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, electricity, and natural gas help to reduce carbon emissions and increase our energy security. The alternative fuels data center afdc provides information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decision makers find ways to reach their energy and economic goals through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuel saving measures. The six predominant alternative fuels used in the united states are biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane. Dots its jpo evaluation program to support informed decision making regarding its investments by tracking the effectiveness of. Thus, alternative fuel in common usage means alternative transportation fuel atf.
The alternative fuel infrastructure program afip is intended to aid in the development of alternative fuel refillingcharging infrastructure in the state of maryland. Assessment of the greenhouse gas emission benefits of heavy duty natural gas vehicles in the united states 2005 pdf 495kb. The information source for alternative fuels and advanced vehicles. Energy information administration, the transportation sector is the largest energy consuming enduse sector in tennessee, representing 29. Prospect transportation petroleum transport services on. Most vehicles run on fossil fuels, and this presents a major emissions problem as demand for fuel continues to increase. Alternative fuels characterization transportation research. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies gives an overview of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Alternative fuels renewable fuel standard program us epa. The alternative fuels data center afdc provides information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decisionmakers find ways to reach their energy and economic goals through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuelsaving measures. Alternative fuels for us transportation transportation research. The deployment of alternative liquid transportation fuels aimed at diversifying the u.
State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems july 2015 5 1 introduction it is expected that alternative fuels will play a more and more prominent role in the decade to come in view of the eu objectives of gradually substituting fossil fuels with fuels of renewable origin, growth and jobs, competitiveness, transport decarbonisation. Salvi and others published alternative fuels for transportation vehicles. Alternative fuels and marine transportation slide 33. According to department of energy estimates, alternative fuels accounted for only 0. Fuels and vehicle technology alternative fuels strategies. For some alternative fuels, there is insufficient availability of chargingfuelling infrastructure to support the deployment of. An alternative fuel, most generally defined, is any fuel other than the traditional selections, gasoline and diesel, used to produce energy or power. Dedicated vehicles are designed to operate exclusively on one alternative fuel. Alternative fuels for transportation sage journals. Energy information administration eia publishes annual data about fuel use and the number of vehicles in inventory for four types of alternative fuel vehicle afv fleets.
Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies for. Alternative aviation fuels broad agency announcement baa for research in four priority areas. For many, the sustainability of future transportation fuels is a major concern. It is assumed that batteryelectric, fuel cell, and grid. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems in. Informing consumers, improving performance 2006 pdf 927kb transportation research board. Prospect transportation and its subsidiary, alternative fuels transportation, provide transport services tailored to the needs of the petroleum industry.
Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Of these fuels, electricity is the most widely used primarily in hybrid electric vehicles hevs or all electric vehicles. Alternative fuels in airport fleets is designed to assist airport operators in analyzing complex procurement, operational, and environmental decisions when considering alternative fuels in airport fleets. Jan 24, 2015 alternative fuels for automobiles are currently a topic of growing interest and importance. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil.
Environmental protection agency just as there are linkages between fuel and the movement of people and goods. Autogas infrastructure is less expensive to install than all other transportation fuels conventional or alternative, with autogas costing up to 50 percent less than diesel on average. Alternative fuels in airport fleets blurbs new blurbs. How alternative fuels are changing these transportation. Transport fuels are energy sources that power various means of transport and include those derived from petroleum, biomass, and synthetic fuels. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still under development, called emerging fuels. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems in the. Status and outlook for biofuels, other alternative fuels. On the basis of october 20 data, there are approximately 34 million flexible fuel vehicles and the sale of hybrid electric vehicles numbered more than 9 million september 2014 data. Summary of onroad alternative fueled and hybrid vehicles made available, by fuel.
Alternative fuels and marine transportation slide 1. Relative to gasoline and diesel fuel, the alternative transportation fuels market is small. Alternative transportation fuels and vehicle technologies csis. In the united states the energy policy act of 1992 epact legally defined alternative fuels for purposes of the act. Other figures in terms of number of vehicles produced include 17. These are the synthetic fuels, made from coal, the liquid petroleum gases of propane and butane, compressed natural gas and methanol. Epas research into alternative transportation fuels, such as ethanol and methanol, explores their potential for use as costeffective, sustainable fuels that achieve both low emissions and. Lack of public awareness of the alternative fuel technologies. Transport fuels are energy sources that power various means of transport, generally to power internal combustion engines. Alternative fuels can be considered in two categories. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Whereas many definitions have been applied to the term sustainability 7,8, in. Helpful information sources importance of transportation transportation is an extremely important element for the daytoday functioning of the united states. These liquid fuels include higherlevel ethanol blends, butanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, other biomassderived fuels, and natural gas.
The transportation sector consists of road including passenger cars, trucks. The focus of this paper is on alternative fuels, primarily for highway transportation, not on efficiency of vehicles. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Some vehicles and engines are designed for alternative fuels by the manufacturer. The massachusetts clean cities coalition promotes the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles afvs, supports development of the infrastructure necessary to make afvs viable transportation options. And that may be an engine running on a conventional or on an alternative fuel or most likely on both. Helpful information sources importance of transportation transportation is an extremely important element for.
Public transit will remain an integral part of getting around for the foreseeable future, so to save on costs several major public transit systems are adapting alternative fuels. Pdf alternative fuels in transportation shahram karimi. By studying the fuel chemistry as well as combustion and emissions impacts of alternative fuels, nrel helps improve engine efficiency, reduce polluting emissions, and improve u. Energy information administration alterna tives to traditional transportation fuels, 2009 contacts this report was prepared by the staff of the manufacturing and transportation team, office of energy consumption and efficiency statistics. Doe, which has epact92 implementation authority, ruled that gasolineelectric hybrids are not alternative fuel vehicles. We combine an industryleading commitment to safety and dependability with an array of valueadded services that match the pressing needs of suppliers and fueling facilities alike. Both ft and dme can be manufactured from natural gas and are therefore not limited by feedstock availability.
The benefits of hydrogen and other liquid fuels as transportation fuels are not marginal, but the real urgency in greenhouse gas reductions and fossil fuel replacement should not be translated into an energy infrastructure based on unsustainable sources in the long run. Since 1981, more energy has been consumed in the transi ntroduction energy consumption by sector, nebraska and. The problems associated with the use of electric vehicles are discussed. Our endeavur in exploring different alternative fuels like natural gas, alcohols, etc.
Biodiesel pdf 3 pp, 112 k, february 2010, epa420f9, about pdf. The main alternative fuels include alcohol, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, and electricity for operation gasoline type vehicles. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available. Whereas many definitions have been applied to the term sustainability 7,8, in this context. The emissions impact and energy output provided by alternative fuels varies, depending on the fuel source. The alternatives to petroleumbased fuels must meet the following criteria, if they are going to be used widely for transportation. Recently updated and enhanced as part of the long beach cec curriculum.
Status and outlook for biofuels, other alternative fuels and. The alternatives to the oil based fuels for transportation are considered and analysed. Although most transportation fuels are consumed by aircraft, using alternative fuels in airport fleets is one opportunity airports have to control emissions and fuel costs and potentially reduce maintenance. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like. These are the synthetic fuels, made from coal, the liquid petroleum gases.
The alternative fuels and advanced vehicles data center website provides plugin hybrid electric vehiclerelated publications, reports, and newsletters. Fhwa implications of alternative fuels on transportation. Alternative fuels and infrastructure in seven noneu markets final. Hydrogen is providing a growing alternative energy carrier for transportation with many. This factsheet is based on past evaluation data contained in the its knowledge resources database at. Replacing transportation fuels is particularly challenging because of the need for an energy dense fuel that will provide equivalent or better exhaust emissions and not contribute to corrosion or deposit formation in engines. However, due to the expense associated with training, providing necessary support equipment, and stocking various types of fuel, university fleet operations recommends. The alternative fuels data center afdc provides information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decision makers find ways to reach their energy and economic goals through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuelsaving measures. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies is a standard reference for professionals, engineers, and researchers in the automotive sector, as well as vehicle manufacturers, fuel system developers, and academics with an interest in this field. Alternative transport fuels an overview cpcb envis.
Environmental benefits and challenges of alternative fuels april 2015 7 in 2005, combustion of fossil fuels in transportation sector was responsible for 31% of us co2 emissions1% of which corresponds to buses, 61% personal vehicle, 20% medium and heavyduty trucks, 10% aircraft wayne et al. Alternative fuels andor vehicles using them are generally more costly than their petroleumbased counterparts. As such, mea anticipates issuing one or more grants to applicants for installation of alternative fuel refillingcharging stations in maryland. Prospect transportation petroleum transport services on the. To address this critical energy sector, the tdec office of energy programs oep promotes and educates tennessee citizens about alternative fuels, advanced vehicle technologies, and. To be considered alternative fueled, a vehicle must use alternative fuels at least 80% of the time. Others are converted to run on an alternative fuel by modifying the engine controls and fueling system from the original configuration.
Concepts all transportation fuels have economic, environmental and societal advantages and. Energy information administration alterna tives to traditional transportation fuels, 2009 tables vehicles supplied table s1. Fuels and vehicle technology us department of transportation. Alternative fuels importance of transportation alternative fuels in new york city types of alternative fuels should you buy an alternative fuel vehicle.